The Process of Development and Evolution of Resilience Conceptual Patterns for Communities Crisis Management

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate of Crisis Management, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran

2 Professor, Department of National Security, Higher National Defense University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Due to the multifaceted nature and complexity of the concept of resilience, in most studies of resilient communities, due to the lack of conceptual considerations that are the basis for measuring resilience, acceptable results are not observed. Therefore, this study aims to focus on conceptual foundations, trying to find a rich pattern in crisis management of communities.
In the present study, while reviewing various sources, 80 selected records in the 47-year period were classified and reviewed using Thematic Analysis network, and after determining the Global Themes, statistical analysis has been done on the content of the research backgrounds.
According to the findings, the themes of "Robustness, Response, Recovery, Resourcefulness, Redundancy, Risk and Adaptability" as Global Themes determine and analyze data and also examine the use of each theme in the background. So, the frequency of Robustness and Adaptability was determined with the highest repetition in the content of the studies. Then, the position of each topic in different stages of crisis management, including before, during and after the occurrence, as well as different situations of resilient performance, including normal, emergency and transitive conditions, were explained and outlined.
Finally, it was found that despite the differences between the themes of this study and the content of each background due to defects in their concepts, this approach has been adapted by combining the views of experts in studies, and due to its richness and comprehensiveness in the basics, it is a appropriate pattern for measuring resilience in crisis management in communities.

Keywords

References

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    ب. منابع لاتین

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    • Wei Liu, Zhaoyang Song, (2020), Review of studies on the resilience of urban critical infrastructure networks, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 193-106617
    • Yun-cai Wang, Jia-ke Shen, Wei-ning Xiang, Jie-Qiong Wang, (2018), Identifying characteristics of resilient urban communities through a case study method, Journal of Urban Management, 7:141-151
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    • Berkes, F. (2007), Understanding Uncertainty and Reducing Vulnerability: Lessons from Resilience Thinking, Natural Hazards, Vol. 41, pp. 283-295.
    • Boltz, Frederick., N. LeRoy Poff, Carl Folke, Nancy Kete, Casey M. Brown, Sarah St. George Freeman, John H. Matthews, Alex Martinez, Johan Rockström, (2019), Water is a Master Variable: Solving for Resilience in the Modern Era, Water Security, 8-100048
    • Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., Lee, G. C., O’Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., Winterfeldt, D. (2013), A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities. Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 19 No. 4.
    • Cutter, S., Barnes, L., Berry. M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., Webb, J. (2008), A Place-Based Model for Understanding Community Resilience to Natural Disasters. Global Environmental Change, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 598-606.
    • Davis, I., Izadkhah, Y. (2006), Building Resilient Urban Communities, Article from OHI, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 11-21.
    • Faturechi R, Miller-Hooks E. (2015), Measuring the performance of transportation infrastructure systems in disasters: a comprehensive review. Journal of Infrastruct System; 21(1):04014025.
    • Folke, C., (2006), "Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for soci al ecological systems analyses", Global Environmental Change 16, 3, Pp. 253-267.
    • Francis, R., & Bekera, B. (2014), A metric and frameworks for resilience analysis of engineered and infrastructure systems. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, Vol. 121 No. 0, pp. 90-103.
    • Godschalk, D. (2003), Urban Hazard Mitigation: Creating Resilient Cities, Natural Hazards Review, Vol. 4, pp. 136-143.
    • Gunderson, L., (2009), "Comparing Ecological and Human Community Resilience", CARRI Research Report 5, Oak Ridge: Community and Regional Resilience Institute
    • Holling, C.S., D.W. Schindler, B.W. Walker and J. Roughgarden (1995). Biodiversity in the functioning of ecosystems: an ecological synthesis. In C. Perrings, K.G. Maler, C. Folke, C.S. Holling and B.O. Jansson, Biodiversity loss: economic and ecological issues. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 44-83.
    • Klein, R. J. & F. Nicholls, "Thomalla, (2003), Resilience to natural hazards: how useful is this concept?" Environmental Hazards, 5, 1-2, Pp. 35- 45.
    • Manyena, S. B. (2006) The concept of resilience revisited, Disasters, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 433-450.
    • Mayunga, J. S. (2007) Understanding and applying the concept of community disaster resilience: A capital-based approach, A Draft Working Paper Prepared for the Summer Academy for Social Vulnerability and Resilience Building, Munich.
    • Menoni, S., Molinari, D., Parker, D., Ballio, F., & Tapsell, S. (2012), Assessing multifaceted vulnerability and resilience in order to design risk-mitigation strategies. Natural Hazards, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 2057-2082.
    • Ouyang, M., Dueñas-Osorio, L., & Min, X. (2012), A three-stage resilience analysis framework for urban infrastructure systems. Structural Safety, Vol. 36, pp. 23-31.
    • Rose, A., (2004), "Defining and measuring economic resilience todisasters", Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 13, Pp. 307-314.
    • Tompkins, E. L., Adger, W. N. (2004), Does adaptive management of natural resources enhance resilience to climate change?, Ecology and society, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 10.
    • Twigg, J., (2007), Characteristics of adisaster-resilient community a guidance note, Version 1 (for Field Testing) August 2007, for the DFID.
    • UN DHA (2004). Rehabilitation and Reconstruction: Disaster Management Program.
    • UNESCAP, A. (2012). Green growth, resources and resilience environmental sustainability in Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.
    • UNISDR (2005). Hyogo framework for action 2005–2015: building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters, UNISDR Geneva, Switzerland.
    • Walker B., Holling C. S., Carpenter S. R. and Kinzig A. (2004) Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social--ecological systems, Ecology and Society 9, 1-9.
    • Wei Liu, Zhaoyang Song, (2020), Review of studies on the resilience of urban critical infrastructure networks, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 193-106617
    • Yun-cai Wang, Jia-ke Shen, Wei-ning Xiang, Jie-Qiong Wang, (2018), Identifying characteristics of resilient urban communities through a case study method, Journal of Urban Management, 7:141-151
    • Zhonglin Wang, Marian Sorin Nistor, Stefan Wolfgang Pickl, (2017), Analysis of the Definitions of Resilienc, IFAC PapersOnLine 50-1: 10649–10657

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History

  • Receive Date: 16 April 2020
  • Revise Date: 12 May 2020
  • Accept Date: 12 May 2020

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