Theoretical explanation of national security factors and indicators of countries

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Political Geography, Faculty of the Great Prophet, Imam Hossein . University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract

Although the concept of security has a long history in human life, with the formation of nation-states human minds turned to a new category called national security. The national security of countries has always been a major concern of political officials in order to determine their security status in the international system. In this regard, various efforts have been made to identify the factors affecting the security status of countries, but these efforts were usually limited to one or several factors and, due to their general and abstract nature as well as differences in indicators, have never reflected the comprehensive situation of countries. The main objective of this research is to explain the factors and indicators of national security from the perspective of political geography. This study is fundamental in nature and descriptive in method. Data were collected at two levels: library and field studies. For survey data, a questionnaire was employed, and then the components and indicators of national security were extracted using analytical methods. In SPSS software, the correlation between the nine factors of national security and their indicators was tested using the two-way Spearman method.
In this study, the components of national security were classified into nine groups and identified in 60 related indicators. Based on the findings, the internal correlation of the indicators of six factors of national security - political, military, economic, cyber, cultural, and health - was positive and strong. Moreover, the internal correlation of the indicators in three factors - biological, physical, and social - was positive and moderate

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History

  • Receive Date: 05 July 2026
  • Accept Date: 05 July 2026

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