Ethnic Convergence and Sustainable Security in Iran: The Mediating Role of Social Capital, Policy Requirements and Emerging Challenges

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Convergent Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 University Lecturer and Strategic Political Researcher, Tehran ,Iran

3 Shahed University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Ethnic diversity in Iran, while offering significant cultural opportunities, concurrently presents challenges to national cohesion and sustainable security. The primary objective of this research was to assess the impact of ethnic convergence on various dimensions of sustainable security and to ascertain the mediating role of social capital, employing a mixed-methods approach. The research methodology encompassed the collection of quantitative data via a survey utilizing the Bogardus Social Distance Scale, subsequently analyzed through statistical techniques. Concurrently, qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 30 elites and content analysis of relevant documents. The target population comprised diverse ethnic groups across Iran, and a purposive sampling strategy was employed, yielding a quantitative sample of 400 participants and a qualitative sample of 30 interviewees. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were rigorously established through appropriate psychometric analyses. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between ethnic convergence and sustainable security, with social capital demonstrating a crucial mediating role. Shared cultural and religious values, common history, and national interests were identified as primary facilitators of convergence. Conversely, structural inequalities, deficiencies in regional governance, and external interventions emerged as significant challenges. Finally, the study proposes actionable policy recommendations aimed at enhancing ethnic convergence, including balanced development strategies, strengthening civil institutions, fostering public participation, promoting media literacy, intelligently countering propaganda, and cultivating an inclusive national identity.

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 July 2026
  • Accept Date: 07 July 2026

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